Nsix TalentNsixTalent

France–Switzerland cross-border · 2026

Your real cross-border net. Swiss side and French side.

Swiss gross, canton, French département. We compute Swiss source tax, French income tax, and compare LAMal vs PUMA side by side. Official 2026 rates.

Last update: 10 May 2026

CHF
Paid over

= CHF 10’000 gross per Swiss paycheck.

Result

International (effective rate)

With LAMal

€123,443

€10,287 / monthly net (€)

With PUMA (CMU)

€121,749

€10,146 / monthly net (€)

LAMal leaves you €1,695 more per year

Pitfalls to know

Before you sign: what you need to know

LAMal/PUMA choice is irrevocable. Exercise within 3 months of starting employment.

≥ 40 % remote work → cross-border status may be challenged (2023 agreement).

Possible optimization

GE + ≥ 90 % of income from CH: quasi-resident status (TOU) → recover CHF 1,500 to 4,000/year. Apply before March 31.

Cross-border tax regime

How you're taxed: 1983, international, or Geneva quasi-resident

Three regimes coexist for France–Switzerland cross-border workers. Yours depends on your work canton and your share of Swiss income.

1983 Franco-Swiss agreement

Who
Cross-border workers in 8 cantons: BE, SO, BS, BL, VD, VS, NE, JU.
How
No Swiss source tax. The employer pays 100 % of gross subject only to Swiss social charges. You declare in France and pay regular French IR.
Specifics
Tolerance: max 45 nights/year spent in Switzerland. Beyond that you exit the regime. Form 2041-AS (years 1 and 2), then 2041-ASK pre-filled, given to the Swiss employer before January 1.
Advantages
Simpler calculation, marginal French IR rate sometimes lower than full Swiss source tax, access to French abatements and tax credits (childcare, donations, etc.).

International regime (1966 convention)

Who
Cross-border workers in all other cantons: GE, ZH, ZG, FR, TI, AG, AI, AR, GL, GR, LU, NW, OW, SG, SH, SZ, TG, UR.
How
Full Swiss source tax based on the standard A/B/C/H tariff. In France, art. 25 effective-rate method: with no other French income, French IR = 0.
Specifics
Geneva pays back 3.5 % to départements 01 and 74. No 2041-AS for Geneva. For other cantons, tax credit request via French declaration form 2047.
Advantages
If income is 100 % CH: French IR ≈ 0 thanks to the effective rate. Often comparable, even more favourable than the 1983 agreement, on high incomes.

Geneva quasi-resident status (TOU)

Who
Optional over-status for cross-border workers in Geneva who derive ≥ 90 % of household worldwide income from CH.
How
You request Subsequent Ordinary Taxation (TOU) from the canton of Geneva before March 31 of year N+1 (irrevocable). You file a Geneva return and access the same deductions as a resident.
Specifics
Remote work up to 40 % allowed without losing the status. Geneva FTA processing time: 6 to 12 months.
Advantages
Extended deductions: 3rd pillar A and B, BVG buy-ins, alimony, medical expenses > 0.5 % of gross, childcare > CHF 3,000, mortgage interest. Typical saving: CHF 1,500 to 4,000/year.

The calculator at the top of the page automatically applies the right regime based on the selected canton. The Geneva quasi-resident status is documented here but requires a manual request to the Geneva FTA.

Cantonal comparison

8 cantons under the 1983 agreement vs 18 cantons under the international regime

For an identical Swiss gross, your cross-border net varies by work canton. The regime structure changes everything - not just the tax rate.

For CHF 100’000 gross/year, single profile aged 32 with LAMal CHF 300 deductible, here is the annual net in EUR by canton, ranked from most to least favourable.

CantonAnnual LAMal net (€)Annual PUMA net (€)Best choice
ZHZurich€92,836€93,345PUMA
LULucerne€92,836€93,345PUMA
URUri€92,836€93,345PUMA
SZSchwyz€92,836€93,345PUMA
OWObwalden€92,836€93,345PUMA
NWNidwalden€92,836€93,345PUMA
GLGlarus€92,836€93,345PUMA
ZGZug€92,836€93,345PUMA
FRFribourg€92,836€93,345PUMA
SHSchaffhausen€92,836€93,345PUMA
ARAppenzell Outer Rhodes€92,836€93,345PUMA
AIAppenzell Inner Rhodes€92,836€93,345PUMA
SGSt. Gallen€92,836€93,345PUMA
GRGrisons€92,836€93,345PUMA
AGAargau€92,836€93,345PUMA
TGThurgau€92,836€93,345PUMA
TITicino€92,836€93,345PUMA
GEGeneva€92,836€93,345PUMA
BEBern€72,294€72,802PUMA
SOSolothurn€72,294€72,802PUMA
BSBasel-Stadt€72,294€72,802PUMA
BLBasel-Landschaft€72,294€72,802PUMA
VDVaud€72,294€72,802PUMA
VSValais€72,294€72,802PUMA
NENeuchâtel€72,294€72,802PUMA
JUJura€72,294€72,802PUMA
  • 1983 Agreement: 8 cantons (BE, SO, BS, BL, VD, VS, NE, JU) - no Swiss source tax, full French IR.
  • International regime: 18 other cantons - full Swiss source tax, French IR ≈ 0 via the effective-rate method.
  • The gross is identical but the real net differs because (a) Swiss social charges are identical, (b) Swiss source tax applies or not, (c) French IR follows the applicable method, (d) LAMal premium or PUMA contribution.

For your exact profile (age, family status, children, partner), launch the calculator at the top of the page and compare the real net canton by canton.

Concrete examples

How much you actually keep, at four gross levels

Four Swiss gross levels, two reference cantons (Geneva international vs Vaud 1983 agreement), LAMal vs PUMA choice. Reference profile: single, 32, no children, 13 months.

Gross CHF/yearCantonLAMal net (€)PUMA net (€)Advantage
CHF 80’000GEGeneva€72,840€74,789PUMA
VDVaud€58,251€60,199PUMA
CHF 110’000GEGeneva€103,039€102,813LAMal
VDVaud€78,731€78,506LAMal
CHF 140’000GEGeneva€133,646€131,217LAMal
VDVaud€98,044€95,615LAMal
CHF 200’000GEGeneva€195,199€187,887LAMal
VDVaud€134,354€127,042LAMal

CHF 80,000

Entry-level profile (junior dev, junior engineer). At this gross, source tax in GE is still relatively low (~10-12 %), and French IR drops below the threshold thanks to decote and quotient. PUMA usually remains the best health option: the 8 %-of-RFR contribution is lower than the LAMal premium.

CHF 110,000

Mid-level profile (3-5 years of experience). The Geneva TOU threshold (CHF 120,000) is close: worth watching to switch to quasi-resident status as soon as the salary jump happens. At this level, LAMal and PUMA reach equilibrium depending on chosen deductible and insurance model.

CHF 140,000

Senior profile (lead, manager). TOU threshold widely crossed in GE: quasi-resident status can recover CHF 1,500 to 4,000/year. PUMA becomes noticeably more expensive than LAMal at this level (8 % contribution on a high RFR). Bonus and 13th add cushion but enter French IR brackets at 30-41 %.

CHF 200,000

Executive/expert profile. In Vaud (1983 agreement), French IR may represent 25-32 % of gross (marginal rate). In Geneva (international), full Swiss source tax limits double taxation but the real net is often comparable. The Geneva quasi-resident status becomes crucial at this level to activate 3rd pillar and BVG buy-ins, which can save CHF 5,000 to 10,000/year.

All figures are computed with the tool above, based on official 2026 schedules (ESTV CH + French finance law + PUMA abatement + LAMal EU/EFTA median).

Cross-border optimisation

Five levers to increase your cross-border net

Cross-border tax logic offers levers that neither the Swiss resident nor the pure French resident has. Here are the main ones, ordered by typical ROI.

LAMal vs PUMA choice

Lever #1: depending on your gross, age and family situation, the annual gap between the two options can reach CHF 3,000 to 6,000. Rule of thumb: PUMA often cheaper below CHF 90,000 gross/year, LAMal often cheaper above CHF 130,000. The calculator above decides for your exact case.

Constraint

Irrevocable choice as long as your Swiss activity continues. To be exercised within 3 months of starting employment (otherwise LAMal applies by default). Source: EC regulation 883/2004 + CH-FR protocols.

Geneva quasi-resident status

If you work in Geneva and derive ≥ 90 % of household worldwide income from CH, request TOU before March 31, N+1. You then access the same deductions as a resident: 3rd pillar A (CHF 7,258), 3rd pillar B, BVG buy-ins, alimony, medical expenses > 0.5 % of gross, mortgage interest, childcare > CHF 3,000.

Constraint

Available only to cross-border workers in the canton of Geneva. Annual procedure, irrevocable for the year concerned. Geneva FTA processing time: 6 to 12 months. Typical saving: CHF 1,500 to 4,000/year.

Choice of work canton

At equivalent gross, cross-border net varies by CHF 4,000 to 12,000/year between 1983-agreement and international cantons, and between high-tax international cantons (GE, NE) and low-tax ones (ZG, SZ). Worth studying when negotiating salary or changing employer.

Constraint

The work canton depends on the employer, not just on housing. Geneva remains counter-intuitively attractive thanks to the quasi-resident status for high incomes.

French actual expenses vs 10 % deduction

France's automatic 10 % deduction caps at €14,555 (reached at €144,550 of annual salary). Above that, opting for actual expenses (commuting, meals taken outside home for > 4 h, training, specialised equipment) can be more advantageous. To be substantiated.

Constraint

Documentation to keep (tickets, invoices). To assess each year before the French return - the option holds for the entire year.

13th and bonus optimisation

The 13th paid in December is included in French IR for year N. If your bonus pushes your income into a new French IR bracket (transition to 30 %, 41 % or 45 %), explore with your employer the possibility of staggering (e.g. 50 % in June / 50 % in December) to smooth progressivity.

Constraint

Depends on employer flexibility and applicable collective agreement. To discuss in advance, not after payment.

This content is educational. For personalised optimisation, consult a Swiss fiduciary or a Franco-Swiss tax firm specialised in cross-border situations.

Questions

France–Switzerland cross-border - what people ask us

The 1983 agreement covers 8 cantons (BE, SO, BS, BL, VD, VS, NE, JU) where the cross-border worker is exclusively taxed in France. For the other cantons (GE, ZH, ZG, FR, TI, etc.), the international regime applies: source tax in CH plus French declaration using the effective-rate method (art. 25 of the 1966 convention). In practice, if you have no other French income, your French IR drops to 0 thanks to this method.

Methodology maintained by

Nicolas Ekobe

Founder, Nsix Digital

Federal and cantonal schedules are tracked at source (admin.ch and 26 cantonal administrations) to keep the calculations up to date. All formulas are public.

Informational content only

This content is published for informational and educational purposes only. It describes the Swiss legal and tax framework as of the date stated and does not take the reader's personal situation into account. It does not constitute tax advice, legal advice or investment advice within the meaning of the Swiss Federal Financial Services Act (FinSA, SR 950.1), nor a recommendation to buy or sell any financial or insurance product. Nsix Talent is not a financial services provider supervised by FINMA. For any concrete decision, consult a Swiss-licensed tax expert, fiduciary, or certified pension advisor.